•  Natural/Traditional
•   Barrier, 
• IUDs (Intra Uterine Devices)
•  Oral  contraceptives,
•   Injectables

• Implants  

•  Surgical  methods. 

Natural  /Traditional Methods  of birth control         

#1    Natural  /Traditional Methods  work on  the  principle  of  avoiding  chances  of ovum  and  sperms  meeting Periodic  abstinence  is  one  such  method  in  which  the  couples avoid  or  abstain  from  coitus  from  day  10  to  17  of  the  menstrual cycle  when  ovulation  could  be  expected.

Barrier Methods of Birth control 

• • condom(male&female)
  • Diaphragms
  • Cervical caps

• Vaults

Condom are barriers made of thin rubber( Fig B.2_)

female partner that are used to cover the vagina and cervix in the female( fig A.1)

Such methods are available for both males and females. Condoms (condom for male       (fig  B.2)&condom for female Fig A.1 ) are barriers, which is made of thin rubber/sex  sheath that are used to  cover  the  penis in the male or vagina and cervix in female.

Popular Brand of condom

• Nirodh
• Trojan Condoms
• Lifestyle SKYN Condom
• Astroglide Lubes
• kimono Microthin condoms
• Beyond Seven Condoms
• Trustex Condoms
• Cupid,s female Condoms   

•  Both the male and the female condoms are disposable. Can  be self- inserted and thereby gives privacy to the user 

• .Diaphragms, Cervical caps and Vaults are also barriers.It is  made of rubber that are inserted into the female reproductive  tract that cover the cervix during coitus

IUDs (Intra Uterine Devices)

Types of IUDs

• Non-medicated IUDs (eg Lippes Loop)
• Cooper realesing IUDs (eg Cu7,Multiload 375)
• Hormone realesing  IUDs (eg Progestasert LNG-20)

   Oral Contraceptives for birth control 

•  Progestogens oral contraceptives    
•  
• Estrogen oral contraceptives
•  
• Progestogens&Estrogens combinations oral contraceptives

 Administration of small doses of either progestogens or progestogen estrogen combinations is another contraceptive method used commonly by  the females. They are used in the form of tablets and hence are popularly called the pills.

Saheli for the females contains a non- steroidal  preparation . It is a once a week pill with lesser side effects and high contraceptive value. (Fig A.2)

These pills have to be taken daily for a period of 21 days starting preferably within the first five days of menstrual cycle. After a gap of 7 days (during which menstruation ours) it has to be repeated in the same pattern till the female desires to prevent conception


They inhibit ovulation and implantation as well as alert the quality of cervical mucus to prevent /retard entry of sperms. Pills are very effective with very few side effects and are well accepted by the females.

Types of pills(popular use to birth control 

• Saheli 
• Alesse
• Apri
• Aranelle
• Aviane
• Azurette
• Beyaz

 Saheli(Fig A.2) the new oral contraceptive for the females contains a non-steroidal preparation. It takes once a week pill with very few side effects and high contraceptive value.

Implants or Injections

 Progestogens  alone or in combination with estrogen can also be used by females as injections or implants under the skin (Figure A.3).


 Their mode of action is almost similar to that of pills and their effective periods are much longer.

Implants under the skin is similar to that pills (Fig A.3)

 Administration of progestogens or progestogen-estrogen  combinations or IUDs within 72 hours of fetal have been found to be highly effective as emergency contraceptives, as they could be used to avoid possible pregnancy cause to rape or unprotected intercourse.

Female tubectomy is surgical methods (Fig A.4)

Vasectomy is a surgical method (Fig A.5)

Surgical Methods

• Vasectomy
• Tubectomy

Surgical Methods also called sterilisation, are generally advised for the male / female partner as a terminal method to prevent any more pregnancies.female widely accept this method to birth control permanently

 Vasectomy

 Surgical intervention blocks gamete transport and thereby prevent conception. Sterilisation procedure in the male is called vasectomy


 In vasectomy. a small  part of the vas deferens is removed or tied up through a small incision on the scrotum (Fig A.5)

Tubectomy

 Surgical intervention blocks gamete transport and thereby prevent conception. Sterilisation procedure in the female is called Tubectomy.

In tubectomy, a small  part of the fallopian tube  is removed (Fig A.4) or tied up through a small incision in the abdomen or through vagina. These techniques are highly effective but their reversing is very poor.  

  Advantages&Side effects

• It needs to be emphasised that the selection  of a suitable contraceptive method and its use should always be undertaken in consultatino with qualified  medical professionals.

• You must also remember that contraceptives are not regular requirements for the maintenance of reproductive health.

•  In fact, they are practiced against a natural reproductive event, i.e., effect in conception/pregnancy.

•  One is forced to use these methods either to prevent pregnancy or to delay pregnancy or long duration in pregnancy due to personal reasons. No doubt, the widespread use of these methods have a significant role in checking uncontrolled growth of population in the world. 

Side effects

• Nausea
• Abdominal pain 
•  Breakthrough bleeding
• Irregular menstrual bleeding
• Brest cancer

However their possible ill-effects like nausea, abdominal pain, breakthrough bleeding, irregular menstrual bleeding or even breast cancer, through not very significant should not be totally ignored.